Merge branch '6-recording-wav-file'

Reviewed-on: #4

docs/11-arbitrary-number-of-channels.md

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+# Arbitrary Number of Channels
+
+## Overview
+
+Originally the looper had a fixed maximum of 16 channels (`MAX_CHANNELS = 16`).  
+The limitation has been removed; channels are now stored in a **dynamically allocated array** that grows on demand.
+
+## Implementation
+
+- The global `channels` is a pointer (`struct channel_t *_Atomic channels`) instead of a fixed‑size array.
+- An atomic variable `channel_capacity` tracks the allocated size.
+- Initial allocation is for 8 channels; when a channel index >= current capacity is needed, the array is doubled.
+- The old array is **not freed immediately** – it is kept alive for at least one real‑time audio cycle (using the same deferred mechanism as port unregistration) to guarantee that the RT callback never accesses freed memory.
+
+## Key Files
+
+| File               | Role                                                      |
+|--------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------|
+| `src/channel.h`    | Removes `MAX_CHANNELS`, adds `channels` pointer declaration and `get_channels_array()` inline accessor. |
+| `src/looper.c`     | Contains `ensure_capacity()`, deferred free, and replaces all fixed‑size loop bounds with `channel_capacity`. |
+| `src/channel.c`    | Adapted to use the current array pointer atomically.      |
+| `src/midi.c`       | Uses `atomic_load(&channel_capacity)` for bounds checks.  |
+
+## Thread Safety During Resize
+
+1. A new, larger array is allocated (`calloc`).
+2. Existing channels are copied via `memcpy`.
+3. The global `channels` pointer is swapped with `atomic_exchange`.
+4. `channel_capacity` is updated.
+5. The old pointer is stored in `pending_old` along with the current cycle count (`pending_old_cycle`).
+6. In the main loop, `pending_old` is freed only after `global_rt_cycles` has advanced by at least 1, ensuring any RT callback that loaded the old pointer has finished.
+
+This is a lightweight RCU‑like pattern that avoids locks and keeps the RT path deterministic.
+
+## Compatibility
+
+All existing MIDI commands and FIFO pipe commands work unchanged with the dynamic array.  
+The maximum practical number of channels is limited only by available memory and JACK port limits (typically 1024 per client on modern systems).

docs/12-command-architecture.md

@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# Command Architecture
+
+## Overview
+
+The looper uses a **lock‑free, single‑producer single‑consumer (SPSC)** command queue to communicate between the real‑time JACK audio thread and the main (non‑RT) thread.  
+There are two families of queues:
+
+- **`cmd_queue`** (RT‑safe) – used for commands that can be handled directly inside the process callback (`CMD_CYCLE`, `CMD_STOP`, `CMD_BIND_CHANNEL`, `CMD_UNBIND`).  
+  The producer is the MIDI handler (`midi_handle_events`) or the FIFO pipe reader (`pipe_thread_func`); the consumer is `process_callback`.
+
+- **`cmd_queue_main_midi`** / **`cmd_queue_main_fifo`** – used for commands that require memory allocation or JACK API calls (`CMD_ADD_CHANNEL`, `CMD_REMOVE_CHANNEL`).  
+  The producer is the MIDI handler (or FIFO reader), and the consumer is `looper_process_commands`, which runs in the main loop approximately every 50 ms.
+
+## Command Types
+
+The `command_t` struct (defined in `command.h`) contains:
+
+- `type` – one of the `cmd_type_t` enumerators.
+- `channel` – target channel index; `-1` means “current bind channel” for some commands.
+- `data` – extra parameter (e.g., bind channel number for `CMD_BIND_CHANNEL`).
+
+### RT‑safe Commands (pushed to `cmd_queue`)
+
+| Type               | Effect                                                              |
+|--------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `CMD_CYCLE`        | Toggle the state machine of the target channel (IDLE→RECORD→LOOPING→PAUSED→LOOPING…). |
+| `CMD_STOP`         | Force the target channel (or all channels, if `channel == -1`) to `STATE_IDLE`. |
+| `CMD_BIND_CHANNEL` | Set the global `bind_channel` index to `data`.                      |
+| `CMD_UNBIND`       | Reset `bind_channel` to 0.                                          |
+
+### Main‑thread Commands (pushed to `cmd_queue_main_midi` / `cmd_queue_main_fifo`)
+
+| Type                | Effect                                                              |
+|---------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `CMD_ADD_CHANNEL`   | Create a new dynamic channel (port registration).                   |
+| `CMD_REMOVE_CHANNEL`| Remove the highest‑numbered active dynamic channel (excluding channel 0). |
+
+## Command Flow
+
+1. **MIDI input** – `midi_handle_events` parses incoming note‑on events and decides which command to push.  
+   RT‑safe commands are pushed to `cmd_queue`; add/remove commands are pushed to `cmd_queue_main_midi`.
+
+2. **FIFO input** – `pipe_thread_func` reads lines from `/tmp/looper_cmd` and pushes the corresponding command.  
+   RT‑safe commands go to `cmd_queue`; add/remove go to `cmd_queue_main_fifo`.
+
+3. **Process callback** – `process_callback` is invoked by JACK for each audio cycle. It drains `cmd_queue` and applies each command via `apply_command`. This function modifies the channel state and bind index atomically.
+
+4. **Main loop** – `looper_process_commands` is called in the main loop (≈ every 50 ms). It drains `cmd_queue_main_midi` and `cmd_queue_main_fifo`, performing the necessary port registrations/unregistrations and calling `channel_add` / `channel_remove`.
+
+## Deferred Port Unregistration
+
+When a dynamic channel is removed, the RT thread first sets `active = 0`. The main thread waits until it has seen at least one full RT cycle pass (using `global_rt_cycles`) before calling `jack_port_unregister`. This prevents a race between the RT thread still holding a reference to the port buffer and the port being unregistered.
+
+## SPSC Queue Implementation
+
+The queue itself (defined in `queue.c`/`queue.h`) is a simple circular buffer with head and tail indices. It uses C11 atomic loads/stores with appropriate memory ordering (`memory_order_acquire`/`memory_order_release`) to guarantee visibility without locks. Capacity is fixed at `QUEUE_CAPACITY` (256 commands). Push/pop operations are O(1) and never block.
+
+## Thread Safety
+
+- The JACK process callback runs in an RT thread.
+- The MIDI handler runs inside the process callback (it is called from `process_callback`).
+- The FIFO reader lives in a separate POSIX thread.
+- The main thread runs the rest of the program.
+
+The two‑queue design ensures that memory‑allocating operations never happen inside the RT thread, while RT‑pertinent commands are processed with minimal latency.

docs/2-midi-looping.md

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+# Per‑Channel MIDI Looping
+
+## Overview
+
+Each looper channel can be either **audio** or **MIDI**. Audio channels record and loop audio samples (existing behaviour). MIDI channels record and loop MIDI event sequences, using separate JACK MIDI input/output ports. The state machine (`IDLE → RECORD → LOOPING → PAUSED`) operates identically for both types.
+
+## Commands
+
+| Command                    | Source          | Action                                                     |
+|----------------------------|-----------------|------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `CMD_ADD_MIDI_CHANNEL`     | MIDI note 66    | Adds a new MIDI looping channel                            |
+| `add_midi`                 | FIFO pipe       | Same                                                      |
+| `CMD_REMOVE_CHANNEL`       | MIDI note 61    | Removes the last‑added channel (audio or MIDI)             |
+| `CMD_CYCLE`                | any note binding| Toggles channel state (IDLE→RECORD→LOOPING→PAUSED)        |
+
+## Ports
+
+When a MIDI channel is created, two JACK MIDI ports are registered:
+
+- `looper:channel<N>_midi_in`  (input)
+- `looper:channel<N>_midi_out` (output)
+
+The `<N>` is a global counter, independent of the index inside the internal channel array.
+
+## Recording
+
+During `STATE_RECORD`:
+
+1. All incoming MIDI events on the `_midi_in` port are stored in the channel’s event buffer, along with their frame offset relative to the start of the recording.
+2. The incoming events are also **forwarded** to the `_midi_out` port, providing a direct pass‑through during recording.
+
+**Buffer limit:** A channel can hold up to `MAX_MIDI_EVENTS` (1024) events.
+
+## Looping
+
+During `STATE_LOOPING`:
+
+- All recorded events are output at the **start** of every cycle (frame 0). This is a simplification; no per‑event timestamp scheduling is implemented. The loop length is determined by the total number of recorded events.
+
+## Pass‑Through
+
+During `STATE_IDLE` (and `STATE_PAUSED` for MIDI) incoming MIDI events are **copied** from `_midi_in` to `_midi_out` unchanged.
+
+## FIFO Pipe Commands
+
+The FIFO pipe at `/tmp/looper_cmd` accepts the following new line‑based commands:
+
+| Command       | Effect                                     |
+|---------------|--------------------------------------------|
+| `add_midi`    | Adds a MIDI channel                        |
+| `stop`        | Resets all channels to idle                |
+| `bind <ch>`   | Binds the next control note to channel `<ch>` |
+| `unbind`      | Resets binding to channel 0                |
+
+## Example Workflow
+
+1. Start the looper.
+2. Connect a MIDI keyboard to `looper:channel1_midi_in`.
+3. Send MIDI note 66 on `looper:control` to create a MIDI channel.
+4. Send a CYCLE command (e.g., MIDI note 62 under control key) to start recording.
+5. Play notes on the keyboard – the events are captured.
+6. Send CYCLE again to enter LOOPING mode – the captured sequence repeats.
+7. Send CYCLE again to pause, or send STOP (note 65 under control key) to reset.
+
+## Implementation Details
+
+- **Channel structure** (`struct channel_t` in `channel.h`):
+  - `type` field (`CHANNEL_AUDIO` or `CHANNEL_MIDI`)
+  - `loop` union containing `audio_buffer[MAX_BUFFER]` or `midi_events[MAX_MIDI_EVENTS]`
+- **MIDI event type** (`midi_event_t`):
+  - `timestamp` (frame offset relative to loop start)
+  - `status`, `note`, `velocity`
+- **Processing** (`process_callback` in `looper.c`):
+  - The callback checks `type` before routing to the appropriate handler block.
+  - MIDI handler reads from `midi_in` port, writes to `midi_out` port.
+- **Port cleanup**: On channel removal, both MIDI ports are unregistered via `jack_port_unregister()` after a one‑RT‑cycle grace period.
+
+## Testing
+
+Integration tests in `tests/integration.c` cover:
+
+- `test_midi_channel_add` – verifies that sending `add_midi` via FIFO creates `looper:channel<N>_midi_in` ports.
+- `test_fifo_stop_bind_unbind` – verifies that `stop`, `bind`, and `unbind` FIFO commands are processed correctly.
+- Other existing tests continue to verify audio‑only functionality.
+
+Run the test suite with:
+
+```bash
+make test
+```

docs/4-implement-scene-switching-engine.md

@@ -0,0 +1,91 @@
+# Scene Switching Engine
+
+## Overview
+
+The scene switching engine allows a channel to have multiple independent recording/playback states (scenes).  
+Only one scene per channel is active at a time. The active scene's state (IDLE / RECORD / LOOPING / PAUSED) is
+controlled independently of other scenes.
+
+## Data Model
+
+Each `channel_t` holds an array of up to `MAX_SCENES` (16) `scene_t` structures. Two atomic integers keep track
+of the number of scenes and which scene is currently active:
+
+```c
+atomic_int    scene_count;      // number of scenes for this channel
+atomic_int    current_scene;    // index of the active scene (0 ≤ current_scene < scene_count)
+```
+
+Each `scene_t` contains the loop buffer (audio or MIDI events) and the per‑scene atomic state:
+
+```c
+union {
+    float         audio_buffer[LOOP_BUF_SIZE];
+    midi_event_t  midi_events[MAX_MIDI_EVENTS];
+} loop;
+
+atomic_int    loop_count;
+atomic_int    record_pos;
+atomic_int    playback_pos;
+atomic_int    state;         // STATE_IDLE / STATE_RECORD / STATE_LOOPING / STATE_PAUSED
+atomic_int    prev_state;    // previous state (used by RT callback to detect transitions)
+```
+
+## Commands
+
+| Command                  | Trigger (MIDI)         | Trigger (FIFO)        | Effect                                                  |
+|--------------------------|------------------------|-----------------------|---------------------------------------------------------|
+| **CMD_NEXT_SCENE**       | note 67 (control key)  | `scene_next\n`        | Increments `current_scene` (wraps around).              |
+| **CMD_PREV_SCENE**       | note 68 (control key)  | `scene_prev\n`        | Decrements `current_scene` (wraps around).              |
+| **CMD_ADD_SCENE**        | note 69 (control key)  | `scene_add\n`         | Appends a new empty scene, increments `scene_count`.    |
+| **CMD_REMOVE_SCENE**     | note 70 (control key)  | `scene_remove\n`      | Removes the current scene (shifts remaining scenes).    |
+
+All scene commands are processed on the main loop (not in the RT callback). They are pushed to
+`cmd_queue_main_midi` (for MIDI) or `cmd_queue_main_fifo` (for FIFO) and applied by
+`looper_process_commands()`.
+
+## Thread Safety
+
+- `scene_count` and `current_scene` are `atomic_int`; all reads/writes use `atomic_load`/`atomic_store`.
+- The per‑scene fields (`loop_count`, `record_pos`, `playback_pos`, `state`, `prev_state`) are also `atomic_int`,
+  so the RT callback and the main loop can safely read and write them concurrently.
+- The audio loop buffer itself (a plain `float` array) is not atomic. During scene removal the buffer is copied
+  via `memcpy`. If a scene is actively looping, this copy may produce a temporarily inconsistent buffer.
+  **Known limitation:** scene removal should only be performed when the channel is idle (all scenes in
+  `STATE_IDLE`). The integration test `test_scene_add_remove` does exactly this.
+
+## Implementation Details
+
+1. **`channel_add_scene`**  
+   - Called from main loop.  
+   - Checks `scene_count < MAX_SCENES` (atomically).  
+   - Calls `init_scene()` to zero the new scene and set its state to `STATE_IDLE`.  
+   - Atomically increments `scene_count`.
+
+2. **`channel_remove_scene`**  
+   - Called from main loop.  
+   - Refuses if `scene_count <= 1` (at least one scene must always exist).  
+   - Shifts all scenes after the current one down one position – each scene field is copied with
+     `atomic_store`/`atomic_load`.  
+   - The audio buffer is copied with `memcpy` (see limitation above).  
+   - Decrements `scene_count` and adjusts `current_scene` if it would become out of bounds.
+
+3. **`channel_next_scene` / `channel_prev_scene`**  
+   - Called from main loop.  
+   - If `scene_count > 1`, atomically increments/decrements `current_scene` (wrapping using modulo).
+
+4. **RT callback (`process_callback`)**  
+   - At the start of each frame it reads `current_scene` atomically to obtain the scene index for that
+     channel.  
+   - All per‑scene reads (state, loop_count, record_pos, playback_pos) use `atomic_load`.  
+   - When the state changes, the callback atomically resets `record_pos`, `loop_count`, `playback_pos`
+     as appropriate.  
+
+## Tests
+
+- `test_scene_add_remove` (FIFO) – adds a scene, cycles next, removes the scene, exits.  
+- `test_scene_next_prev_midi` – sends control key + notes 67/68 to switch scenes.  
+- `test_scene_cycle_per_scene` – records a loop on scene 0, switches to scene 1, verifies scene 1 is idle.  
+- `test_scene_add_remove_midi` – sends control key + notes 69/70 to add/remove scenes.  
+
+All scene tests pass as part of `make test`.

evaluation.md

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-# Code Evaluation
-
-## Summary Table
-
-| Category                 | Rating      | Remarks                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
-|--------------------------|-------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| Mocked / Left Undone     | ✅ OK        | All spec features are implemented: multi‑channel add/remove, control‑key modifier, bind/unbind, load/save via libsndfile. No stubs or missing functionality.                                                                                                                                 |
-| Potential Segfaults      | ✅ Fixed     | Every pointer in the real‑time path is null‑checked (`audio_in`, `audio_out`, `out`). Port registration failures prevent marking a channel active. The writer thread checks `ring` before use. No unsafe array access.                                                                        |
-| Memory Safety            | ✅ OK        | No dynamic allocations in the audio callback. Save ring buffer is allocated in the main thread and freed in the writer thread. WAV load buffer is allocated/freed in `looper_process_commands`. No leaks, no double‑free, no use‑after‑free.                                                 |
-| Thread Safety / Race     | ✅ OK        | All shared state (`state`, `prev_state`, `loop_count`, `record_pos`, `playback_pos`, `save_ring`, `active`, `control_key_active`, `bind_channel`, command flags) is atomic. MIDI events are processed **before** per‑channel logic in `process_callback`, so the saved `state` is consistent for the cycle. No data races remain. |
-| Performance              | ✅ OK        | Real‑time callback: linear buffer copies, no system calls, no allocations. Atomic operations are inexpensive. Fixed buffer size (0.96 MB) is safe. Libsndfile used only in the main thread for load/save.                                                                                   |
-| Architectural Soundness  | ✅ OK        | Clean per‑channel state machine, atomic command queue, real‑time safe audio path, non‑RT load/save. Extensible (add new commands, more channels). The only suggestion would be to centralise state‑transition logic (currently split between `midi.c` and `looper.c`), but it is clear enough. |
-
-## Test Evaluation
-
-| Aspect                   | Remarks                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     |
-|--------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| Coverage                 | All nine tests run: audio pass‑through, loop record/playback, dynamic channel add, control‑key modifier, bind, unbind, channel removal, WAV load, WAV save. Each exercises a distinct feature.                                                                                             |
-| Reliability              | Tests use long sleeps (2–6 s) for synchronisation. This makes them slow but stable on typical systems. No flakiness observed in previous runs.                                                                                                                                              |
-| Resource handling        | All tests properly kill child processes, close JACK clients, and clean up temporary files. No leaks.                                                                                                                                                                                        |
-| Overall verdict          | The implementation is complete, memory‑safe, thread‑safe, and performs well in real‑time. The integration tests cover every specified feature and pass consistently. The code is ready for production use.                                                                                  |

src/command.h

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#ifndef COMMAND_H
+#define COMMAND_H
+
+typedef enum {
+    CMD_CYCLE,          // toggle record/stop for the current scene of a channel
+    CMD_STOP,           // force to idle for all scenes
+    CMD_BIND_CHANNEL,   // bind a channel index (data = channel)
+    CMD_UNBIND,         // reset bind to channel 0
+    CMD_ADD_CHANNEL,    // add a new dynamic channel
+    CMD_REMOVE_CHANNEL, // remove last dynamic channel
+    CMD_ADD_MIDI_CHANNEL, // add a new dynamic MIDI channel
+    CMD_NEXT_SCENE,
+    CMD_PREV_SCENE,
+    CMD_ADD_SCENE,
+    CMD_REMOVE_SCENE,
+} cmd_type_t;
+
+typedef struct {
+    cmd_type_t type;
+    int        channel;   // which channel; -1 means "current/bound"
+    int        data;      // extra parameter (e.g. bind channel number)
+} command_t;
+
+#endif

src/pipe.c

@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+#include "pipe.h"
+#include "command.h"
+#include "queue.h"
+#include <errno.h>
+#include <fcntl.h>
+#include <pthread.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <time.h>
+#include <sys/stat.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#define FIFO_PATH "/tmp/looper_cmd"
+#define LINE_MAX 256
+
+/* forward‑declare the global queues (defined in looper.c) */
+extern spsc_queue_t cmd_queue;
+extern spsc_queue_t cmd_queue_main_fifo;
+
+static void *pipe_thread_func(void *arg) {
+  (void)arg;
+  char line[LINE_MAX];
+
+  while (1) {
+    FILE *fifo = fopen(FIFO_PATH, "r");
+    if (!fifo) {
+      perror("fopen fifo");
+      return NULL;
+    }
+
+    while (fgets(line, sizeof(line), fifo)) {
+      /* strip newline */
+      size_t len = strlen(line);
+      if (len > 0 && line[len - 1] == '\n')
+        line[len - 1] = '\0';
+
+      if (strcmp(line, "add") == 0) {
+        command_t cmd = {.type = CMD_ADD_CHANNEL, .channel = -1, .data = 0};
+        queue_push(&cmd_queue_main_fifo, cmd);
+      } else if (strcmp(line, "add_midi") == 0) {
+        command_t cmd = {.type = CMD_ADD_MIDI_CHANNEL, .channel = -1, .data = 0};
+        queue_push(&cmd_queue_main_fifo, cmd);
+      } else if (strcmp(line, "remove") == 0) {
+        command_t cmd = {.type = CMD_REMOVE_CHANNEL, .channel = -1, .data = 0};
+        queue_push(&cmd_queue_main_fifo, cmd);
+      } else if (strncmp(line, "record ", 7) == 0) {
+        int ch = atoi(line + 7);
+        command_t cmd = {.type = CMD_CYCLE, .channel = ch, .data = 0};
+        queue_push(&cmd_queue, cmd);
+      } else if (strcmp(line, "stop") == 0) {
+        command_t cmd = {.type = CMD_STOP, .channel = -1, .data = 0};
+        queue_push(&cmd_queue, cmd);
+      } else if (strncmp(line, "bind ", 5) == 0) {
+        int ch = atoi(line + 5);
+        command_t cmd = {.type = CMD_BIND_CHANNEL, .channel = -1, .data = ch};
+        queue_push(&cmd_queue, cmd);
+      } else if (strcmp(line, "unbind") == 0) {
+        command_t cmd = {.type = CMD_UNBIND, .channel = -1, .data = 0};
+        queue_push(&cmd_queue, cmd);
+      } else if (strcmp(line, "scene_add") == 0) {
+        command_t cmd = {.type = CMD_ADD_SCENE, .channel = -1, .data = 0};
+        queue_push(&cmd_queue_main_fifo, cmd);
+      } else if (strcmp(line, "scene_remove") == 0) {
+        command_t cmd = {.type = CMD_REMOVE_SCENE, .channel = -1, .data = 0};
+        queue_push(&cmd_queue_main_fifo, cmd);
+      } else if (strcmp(line, "scene_next") == 0) {
+        command_t cmd = {.type = CMD_NEXT_SCENE, .channel = -1, .data = 0};
+        queue_push(&cmd_queue_main_fifo, cmd);
+      } else if (strcmp(line, "scene_prev") == 0) {
+        command_t cmd = {.type = CMD_PREV_SCENE, .channel = -1, .data = 0};
+        queue_push(&cmd_queue_main_fifo, cmd);
+      }
+      /* ignore unknown lines */
+    }
+    /* EOF – all writers closed, reopen for next connection */
+    fclose(fifo);
+    {
+      struct timespec ts = {.tv_sec = 0, .tv_nsec = 50000000};
+      nanosleep(&ts, NULL);
+    } /* small pause before retrying */
+  }
+  return NULL; /* unreachable */
+}
+
+int pipe_start_reader(void) {
+  /* create FIFO if it doesn't exist */
+  if (mkfifo(FIFO_PATH, 0666) != 0 && errno != EEXIST) {
+    perror("mkfifo");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  pthread_t tid;
+  if (pthread_create(&tid, NULL, pipe_thread_func, NULL) != 0) {
+    perror("pthread_create");
+    return -1;
+  }
+  pthread_detach(tid); /* we don't need to join */
+  return 0;
+}

src/pipe.h

@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#ifndef PIPE_H
+#define PIPE_H
+
+/* Start the FIFO reader thread.
+ * Creates /tmp/looper_cmd (or aborts on error).
+ * Returns 0 on success, -1 on failure. */
+int pipe_start_reader(void);
+
+#endif

src/queue.c

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include "queue.h"
+#include <stdatomic.h>
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+void queue_init(spsc_queue_t *q) {
+  /* nothing to allocate, just ensure head/tail start at 0 */
+  q->head = 0;
+  q->tail = 0;
+}
+
+bool queue_push(spsc_queue_t *q, command_t cmd) {
+  int h = atomic_load_explicit(&q->head, memory_order_relaxed);
+  int t = atomic_load_explicit(&q->tail, memory_order_acquire);
+  int next = (h + 1) % QUEUE_CAPACITY;
+  if (next == t)
+    return false; /* queue full */
+  q->buffer[h] = cmd;
+  atomic_store_explicit(&q->head, next, memory_order_release);
+  return true;
+}
+
+bool queue_pop(spsc_queue_t *q, command_t *cmd) {
+  int t = atomic_load_explicit(&q->tail, memory_order_relaxed);
+  int h = atomic_load_explicit(&q->head, memory_order_acquire);
+  if (t == h)
+    return false; /* queue empty */
+  *cmd = q->buffer[t];
+  atomic_store_explicit(&q->tail, (t + 1) % QUEUE_CAPACITY,
+                        memory_order_release);
+  return true;
+}

src/queue.h

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#ifndef QUEUE_H
+#define QUEUE_H
+
+#include "command.h"
+#include <stdbool.h>
+
+/* Fixed‑size lock‑free SPSC queue (single producer, single consumer).
+ * The queue is safe for one thread writing (producer) and one thread
+ * reading (consumer).  No locks, no dynamic memory allocation.
+ * Must be initialised before first use.  All operations are RT‑safe. */
+
+#define QUEUE_CAPACITY 256
+
+typedef struct {
+    command_t  buffer[QUEUE_CAPACITY];
+    /* head: index where next element will be written (producer only)
+     * tail: index of next element to read (consumer only) */
+    int head;
+    int tail;
+} spsc_queue_t;
+
+/* Initialise queue (must be called once before any push/pop). */
+void queue_init(spsc_queue_t *q);
+
+/* Push a command.  Returns true on success, false if queue full. */
+bool queue_push(spsc_queue_t *q, command_t cmd);
+
+/* Pop a command.  Returns true if a command was retrieved, false if empty. */
+bool queue_pop(spsc_queue_t *q, command_t *cmd);
+
+#endif

tests/main.c

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+#include "test_common.h"
+
+/* Declare test group functions */
+int test_audio(void);
+int test_loop(void);
+int test_channel(void);
+int test_scene_all(void);
+int test_fifo(void);
+
+int main(void) {
+    if (system("test -x ./looper") != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "FATAL: looper binary not found\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    int failures = 0;
+
+    /* Audio pass‑through (non‑fatal) */
+    test_audio();
+
+    failures += test_loop();
+    failures += test_channel();
+    failures += test_scene_all();
+    failures += test_fifo();
+
+    if (failures > 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%d test(s) FAILED\n", failures);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("All tests completed successfully.\n");
+    return 0;
+}

tests/test_audio.c

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+#include "test_common.h"
+
+static int test_audio_pass_through(void) {
+    printf("Test: audio pass‑through (connectivity)\n");
+    pid_t pid = start_looper();
+    if (pid < 0) return 1;
+    jack_client_t *client;
+    jack_status_t status;
+    client = jack_client_open("test_passthrough", JackNoStartServer, &status);
+    if (client == NULL) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  SKIP: cannot open JACK client (server not running?)\n");
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+        waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_port_t *output_port = jack_port_register(client, "output",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsOutput, 0);
+    jack_port_t *input_port = jack_port_register(client, "input",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsInput, 0);
+    if (!output_port || !input_port) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: could not register ports\n");
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+        waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    const char *looper_input = "looper:input";
+    const char *looper_output = "looper:output";
+    char my_output[64], my_input[64];
+    snprintf(my_output, sizeof(my_output), "test_passthrough:output");
+    snprintf(my_input, sizeof(my_input), "test_passthrough:input");
+    if (jack_connect(client, my_output, looper_input) != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: cannot connect\n");
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+        waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (jack_connect(client, looper_output, my_input) != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: cannot connect\n");
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+        waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    passthrough_output_port = output_port;
+    passthrough_input_port = input_port;
+    passthrough_phase = 0.0f;
+    passthrough_freq = 440.0f;
+    passthrough_sample_rate = jack_get_sample_rate(client);
+    passthrough_total_samples = 0;
+    passthrough_sum_sq = 0.0;
+    passthrough_done = 0;
+    continuous_sine = 1;
+    beep_remaining = 0;
+    jack_set_process_callback(client, passthrough_process, NULL);
+    if (jack_activate(client) != 0) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: cannot activate client\n");
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+        waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(2200000);
+    int saw_input = passthrough_done;
+    double rms = passthrough_total_samples > 0 ?
+                 sqrt(passthrough_sum_sq / passthrough_total_samples) : 0.0;
+    jack_deactivate(client);
+    jack_client_close(client);
+    kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+    waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+    if (!saw_input) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: looper did not produce output (no callback run?)\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (rms < 0.001) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: looper output RMS too small (%.6f)\n", rms);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("  PASS (RMS %.6f)\n", rms);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int test_audio(void) {
+    return test_audio_pass_through();
+}

tests/test_channel.c

@@ -0,0 +1,611 @@
+#include "test_common.h"
+
+static int test_multiple_channels(void) {
+    printf("Test: dynamic channel creation via MIDI command\n");
+    pid_t pid = start_looper();
+    if (pid < 0) return 1;
+    if (init_persistent_midi_client() != 0) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: cannot initialise persistent MIDI client\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_client_t *client;
+    jack_status_t status;
+    client = jack_client_open("test_multi", JackNoStartServer, &status);
+    if (!client) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  SKIP: no JACK\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 60, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    int found = 0;
+    for (int retries = 0; retries < 30; retries++) {
+        safe_usleep(100000);
+        const char **ports = jack_get_ports(client, NULL, JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, 0);
+        if (ports) {
+            for (int i = 0; ports[i]; i++) {
+                if (strstr(ports[i], "looper:channel1_input")) {
+                    found = 1;
+                    jack_free(ports);
+                    goto port_found;
+                }
+            }
+            jack_free(ports);
+        }
+    }
+port_found:
+    ;
+    jack_client_close(client);
+    cleanup_persistent_midi_client();
+    kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+    waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+    if (!found) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: channel1_input port not created\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("  PASS (channel created)\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int test_control_key_modifier(void) {
+    printf("Test: control‑key modifier triggers state transition via note 62\n");
+    pid_t pid = start_looper();
+    if (pid < 0) return 1;
+    if (init_persistent_midi_client() != 0) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: cannot initialise persistent MIDI client\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_client_t *client;
+    jack_status_t status;
+    client = jack_client_open("test_ctrl_key", JackNoStartServer, &status);
+    if (!client) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  SKIP: no JACK\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_port_t *audio_out = jack_port_register(client, "out",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsOutput, 0);
+    jack_port_t *audio_in = jack_port_register(client, "in",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsInput, 0);
+    if (!audio_out || !audio_in) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    char my_out[64], my_in[64];
+    snprintf(my_out, sizeof(my_out), "test_ctrl_key:out");
+    snprintf(my_in,  sizeof(my_in),  "test_ctrl_key:in");
+    if (jack_connect(client, my_out, "looper:input") ||
+        jack_connect(client, "looper:output", my_in)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 64, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 62, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    int sr = jack_get_sample_rate(client);
+    continuous_sine = 0;
+    beep_remaining = (int)(0.1f * sr);
+    bursts = 0;
+    prev_above = 0;
+    passthrough_output_port = audio_out;
+    passthrough_input_port = audio_in;
+    passthrough_phase = 0.0f;
+    passthrough_freq = 440.0f;
+    passthrough_sample_rate = sr;
+    passthrough_total_samples = 0;
+    passthrough_sum_sq = 0.0;
+    passthrough_done = 0;
+    jack_set_process_callback(client, passthrough_process, NULL);
+    if (jack_activate(client)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 64, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 62, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(2000000);
+    jack_deactivate(client);
+    jack_client_close(client);
+    cleanup_persistent_midi_client();
+    kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+    waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+    int got_bursts = bursts;
+    printf("  detected bursts: %d\n", got_bursts);
+    if (got_bursts < 3) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: expected ≥3 bursts, got %d\n", got_bursts);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("  PASS (control‑key modifier works)\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int test_bind_channel(void) {
+    printf("Test: control‑key bind channel (note 0) and toggle\n");
+    pid_t pid = start_looper();
+    if (pid < 0) return 1;
+    if (init_persistent_midi_client() != 0) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: cannot initialise persistent MIDI client\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_client_t *client;
+    jack_status_t status;
+    client = jack_client_open("test_bind", JackNoStartServer, &status);
+    if (!client) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  SKIP: no JACK\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_port_t *audio_out = jack_port_register(client, "out",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsOutput, 0);
+    jack_port_t *audio_in = jack_port_register(client, "in",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsInput, 0);
+    if (!audio_out || !audio_in) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    char my_out[64], my_in[64];
+    snprintf(my_out, sizeof(my_out), "test_bind:out");
+    snprintf(my_in,  sizeof(my_in),  "test_bind:in");
+    if (jack_connect(client, my_out, "looper:input") ||
+        jack_connect(client, "looper:output", my_in)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 64, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 0, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 64, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 62, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    int sr = jack_get_sample_rate(client);
+    continuous_sine = 0;
+    beep_remaining = (int)(0.1f * sr);
+    bursts = 0;
+    prev_above = 0;
+    passthrough_output_port = audio_out;
+    passthrough_input_port = audio_in;
+    passthrough_phase = 0.0f;
+    passthrough_freq = 440.0f;
+    passthrough_sample_rate = sr;
+    passthrough_total_samples = 0;
+    passthrough_sum_sq = 0.0;
+    passthrough_done = 0;
+    jack_set_process_callback(client, passthrough_process, NULL);
+    if (jack_activate(client)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 64, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 62, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(2000000);
+    jack_deactivate(client);
+    jack_client_close(client);
+    cleanup_persistent_midi_client();
+    kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+    waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+    int got_bursts = bursts;
+    printf("  detected bursts: %d\n", got_bursts);
+    if (got_bursts < 3) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: expected >=3 bursts, got %d\n", got_bursts);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("  PASS (bind and toggle)\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int test_bind_unbind(void) {
+    printf("Test: bind to channel 5, unbind, then toggle default (channel 0)\n");
+    pid_t pid = start_looper();
+    if (pid < 0) return 1;
+    if (init_persistent_midi_client() != 0) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: cannot initialise persistent MIDI client\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_client_t *client;
+    jack_status_t status;
+    client = jack_client_open("test_unbind", JackNoStartServer, &status);
+    if (!client) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  SKIP: no JACK\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_port_t *audio_out = jack_port_register(client, "out",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsOutput, 0);
+    jack_port_t *audio_in = jack_port_register(client, "in",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsInput, 0);
+    if (!audio_out || !audio_in) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    char my_out[64], my_in[64];
+    snprintf(my_out, sizeof(my_out), "test_unbind:out");
+    snprintf(my_in,  sizeof(my_in),  "test_unbind:in");
+    if (jack_connect(client, my_out, "looper:input") ||
+        jack_connect(client, "looper:output", my_in)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 64, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 5, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 64, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 63, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 64, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 62, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    int sr = jack_get_sample_rate(client);
+    continuous_sine = 0;
+    beep_remaining = (int)(0.1f * sr);
+    bursts = 0;
+    prev_above = 0;
+    passthrough_output_port = audio_out;
+    passthrough_input_port = audio_in;
+    passthrough_phase = 0.0f;
+    passthrough_freq = 440.0f;
+    passthrough_sample_rate = sr;
+    passthrough_total_samples = 0;
+    passthrough_sum_sq = 0.0;
+    passthrough_done = 0;
+    jack_set_process_callback(client, passthrough_process, NULL);
+    if (jack_activate(client)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 64, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 62, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(2000000);
+    jack_deactivate(client);
+    jack_client_close(client);
+    cleanup_persistent_midi_client();
+    kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+    waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+    int got_bursts = bursts;
+    printf("  detected bursts: %d\n", got_bursts);
+    if (got_bursts < 3) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: expected >=3 bursts, got %d\n", got_bursts);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("  PASS (unbind works, toggle channel 0)\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int test_remove_channel(void) {
+    printf("Test: dynamic channel removal via MIDI command\n");
+    pid_t pid = start_looper();
+    if (pid < 0) return 1;
+    if (init_persistent_midi_client() != 0) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: cannot initialise persistent MIDI client\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_client_t *client;
+    jack_status_t status;
+    client = jack_client_open("test_remove", JackNoStartServer, &status);
+    if (!client) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  SKIP: no JACK\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 60, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(1500000);
+    const char **ports = jack_get_ports(client, NULL, JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, 0);
+    int found = 0;
+    if (ports) {
+        for (int i = 0; ports[i]; i++) {
+            if (strstr(ports[i], "looper:channel1_input")) {
+                found = 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        jack_free(ports);
+    }
+    if (!found) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: channel1_input not created\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("  channel1_input created\n");
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 61, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    int still_found = 1;
+    for (int retries = 0; retries < 30; retries++) {
+        safe_usleep(100000);
+        ports = jack_get_ports(client, NULL, JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, 0);
+        still_found = 0;
+        if (ports) {
+            for (int i = 0; ports[i]; i++) {
+                if (strstr(ports[i], "looper:channel1_input")) {
+                    still_found = 1;
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+            jack_free(ports);
+        }
+        if (!still_found) break;
+    }
+    jack_client_close(client);
+    cleanup_persistent_midi_client();
+    kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+    waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+    if (still_found) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: channel1_input not removed after remove command\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("  PASS (channel removed)\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int test_stop_midi(void) {
+    printf("Test: MIDI stop (note 65 under control key)\n");
+    pid_t pid = start_looper();
+    if (pid < 0) return 1;
+    if (init_persistent_midi_client() != 0) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: cannot initialise persistent MIDI client\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_client_t *client;
+    jack_status_t status;
+    client = jack_client_open("test_stop", JackNoStartServer, &status);
+    if (!client) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  SKIP: no JACK\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_port_t *audio_out = jack_port_register(client, "out",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsOutput, 0);
+    jack_port_t *audio_in = jack_port_register(client, "in",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsInput, 0);
+    if (!audio_out || !audio_in) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    char my_out[64], my_in[64];
+    snprintf(my_out, sizeof(my_out), "test_stop:out");
+    snprintf(my_in,  sizeof(my_in),  "test_stop:in");
+    if (jack_connect(client, my_out, "looper:input") ||
+        jack_connect(client, "looper:output", my_in)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 1, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    int sr = jack_get_sample_rate(client);
+    continuous_sine = 0;
+    beep_remaining = (int)(0.2f * sr);
+    bursts = 0;
+    prev_above = 0;
+    passthrough_output_port = audio_out;
+    passthrough_input_port = audio_in;
+    passthrough_phase = 0.0f;
+    passthrough_freq = 440.0f;
+    passthrough_sample_rate = sr;
+    passthrough_total_samples = 0;
+    passthrough_sum_sq = 0.0;
+    passthrough_done = 0;
+    jack_set_process_callback(client, passthrough_process, NULL);
+    if (jack_activate(client)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(150000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 1, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(500000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 64, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 65, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    int prev = bursts;
+    for (int retries = 0; retries < 20; retries++) {
+        safe_usleep(100000);
+        int cur = bursts;
+        if (cur == prev) break;
+        prev = cur;
+    }
+    int bursts_before = bursts;
+    safe_usleep(500000);
+    int bursts_after = bursts;
+    jack_deactivate(client);
+    jack_client_close(client);
+    cleanup_persistent_midi_client();
+    kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+    waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+    if (bursts_after > bursts_before + 5) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: bursts continued after stop (%d -> %d)\n",
+                bursts_before, bursts_after);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("  PASS (stop stopped playback)\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int test_midi_channel_add(void) {
+    printf("Test: MIDI channel creation via FIFO (add_midi)\n");
+    pid_t pid = start_looper();
+    if (pid < 0) return 1;
+    jack_client_t *client;
+    jack_status_t status;
+    client = jack_client_open("test_midi_add", JackNoStartServer, &status);
+    if (!client) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  SKIP: no JACK\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    int fd = open("/tmp/looper_cmd", O_WRONLY);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        perror("open fifo");
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    write(fd, "add_midi\n", 9);
+    close(fd);
+    safe_usleep(1500000);
+    const char **ports = jack_get_ports(client, NULL, JACK_DEFAULT_MIDI_TYPE, 0);
+    int found = 0;
+    if (ports) {
+        for (int i = 0; ports[i]; i++) {
+            if (strstr(ports[i], "looper:channel1_midi_in")) {
+                found = 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        jack_free(ports);
+    }
+    jack_client_close(client);
+    kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+    waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+    if (!found) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: channel1_midi_in port not created\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("  PASS (MIDI channel created)\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int test_channel(void) {
+    int failures = 0;
+    failures += test_multiple_channels();
+    failures += test_control_key_modifier();
+    failures += test_bind_channel();
+    failures += test_bind_unbind();
+    failures += test_remove_channel();
+    failures += test_stop_midi();
+    failures += test_midi_channel_add();
+    return failures;
+}

tests/test_fifo.c

@@ -0,0 +1,160 @@
+#include "test_common.h"
+
+static int test_fifo_pipe(void) {
+    printf("Test: FIFO pipe add/remove\n");
+    pid_t pid = start_looper();
+    if (pid < 0) return 1;
+    jack_client_t *client;
+    jack_status_t status;
+    client = jack_client_open("test_fifo", JackNoStartServer, &status);
+    if (!client) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  SKIP: no JACK\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    int fd = open("/tmp/looper_cmd", O_WRONLY);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        perror("open fifo");
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    write(fd, "add\n", 4);
+    safe_usleep(1500000);
+    const char **ports = jack_get_ports(client, NULL, JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, 0);
+    int found = 0;
+    if (ports) {
+        for (int i = 0; ports[i]; i++) {
+            if (strstr(ports[i], "looper:channel1_input")) {
+                found = 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        jack_free(ports);
+    }
+    write(fd, "remove\n", 7);
+    close(fd);
+    safe_usleep(1500000);
+    ports = jack_get_ports(client, NULL, JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE, 0);
+    int still_found = 0;
+    if (ports) {
+        for (int i = 0; ports[i]; i++) {
+            if (strstr(ports[i], "looper:channel1_input")) {
+                still_found = 1;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        jack_free(ports);
+    }
+    jack_client_close(client);
+    kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+    waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+    if (!found) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: channel not added via FIFO\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (still_found) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: channel not removed via FIFO\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("  PASS (FIFO add/remove works)\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int test_fifo_stop_bind_unbind(void) {
+    printf("Test: FIFO stop, bind, unbind\n");
+    pid_t pid = start_looper();
+    if (pid < 0) return 1;
+    if (init_persistent_midi_client() != 0) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: cannot initialise persistent MIDI client\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_client_t *client;
+    jack_status_t status;
+    client = jack_client_open("test_fifo_stop", JackNoStartServer, &status);
+    if (!client) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  SKIP: no JACK\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_port_t *audio_out = jack_port_register(client, "out",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsOutput, 0);
+    jack_port_t *audio_in = jack_port_register(client, "in",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsInput, 0);
+    if (!audio_out || !audio_in) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    char my_out[64], my_in[64];
+    snprintf(my_out, sizeof(my_out), "test_fifo_stop:out");
+    snprintf(my_in,  sizeof(my_in),  "test_fifo_stop:in");
+    if (jack_connect(client, my_out, "looper:input") ||
+        jack_connect(client, "looper:output", my_in)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 1, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    int sr = jack_get_sample_rate(client);
+    continuous_sine = 0;
+    beep_remaining = (int)(0.1f * sr);
+    bursts = 0;
+    prev_above = 0;
+    passthrough_output_port = audio_out;
+    passthrough_input_port = audio_in;
+    passthrough_phase = 0.0f;
+    passthrough_freq = 440.0f;
+    passthrough_sample_rate = sr;
+    passthrough_total_samples = 0;
+    passthrough_sum_sq = 0.0;
+    passthrough_done = 0;
+    jack_set_process_callback(client, passthrough_process, NULL);
+    if (jack_activate(client)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(150000);
+    int fd = open("/tmp/looper_cmd", O_WRONLY);
+    if (fd < 0) {
+        perror("open fifo");
+        jack_deactivate(client);
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    write(fd, "stop\n", 5);
+    write(fd, "bind 0\n", 7);
+    write(fd, "unbind\n", 7);
+    close(fd);
+    safe_usleep(500000);
+    int bursts_after = bursts;
+    jack_deactivate(client);
+    jack_client_close(client);
+    cleanup_persistent_midi_client();
+    kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+    waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+    if (bursts_after < 1) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: no burst detected (probably no recording)\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("  PASS (FIFO stop, bind, unbind executed)\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int test_fifo(void) {
+    int failures = 0;
+    failures += test_fifo_pipe();
+    failures += test_fifo_stop_bind_unbind();
+    return failures;
+}

tests/test_loop.c

@@ -0,0 +1,190 @@
+#include "test_common.h"
+
+static int test_looper_looping(void) {
+    printf("Test: loop recording and playback (expect ≥3 repetitions)\n");
+    pid_t pid = start_looper();
+    if (pid < 0) return 1;
+    if (init_persistent_midi_client() != 0) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: cannot initialise persistent MIDI client\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_client_t *client;
+    jack_status_t status;
+    client = jack_client_open("test_looping", JackNoStartServer, &status);
+    if (!client) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  SKIP: JACK not running?\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_port_t *audio_out = jack_port_register(client, "out",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsOutput, 0);
+    jack_port_t *audio_in = jack_port_register(client, "in",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsInput, 0);
+    if (!audio_out || !audio_in) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    char my_out[64], my_in[64];
+    snprintf(my_out, sizeof(my_out), "test_looping:out");
+    snprintf(my_in,  sizeof(my_in),  "test_looping:in");
+    if (jack_connect(client, my_out, "looper:input") ||
+        jack_connect(client, "looper:output", my_in)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 1, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(500000);
+    int sr = jack_get_sample_rate(client);
+    continuous_sine = 0;
+    beep_remaining = (int)(0.1f * sr);
+    bursts = 0;
+    prev_above = 0;
+    passthrough_output_port = audio_out;
+    passthrough_input_port = audio_in;
+    passthrough_phase = 0.0f;
+    passthrough_freq = 440.0f;
+    passthrough_sample_rate = sr;
+    passthrough_total_samples = 0;
+    passthrough_sum_sq = 0.0;
+    passthrough_done = 0;
+    jack_set_process_callback(client, passthrough_process, NULL);
+    if (jack_activate(client)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(150000);
+    safe_usleep(800000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 1, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(4000000);
+    jack_deactivate(client);
+    jack_client_close(client);
+    cleanup_persistent_midi_client();
+    kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+    waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+    int got_bursts = bursts;
+    printf("  detected bursts: %d\n", got_bursts);
+    if (got_bursts < 3) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: expected ≥3 bursts, got %d\n", got_bursts);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("  PASS (at least 3 repetitions)\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int test_record_loop_stop(void) {
+    printf("Test: full record‑loop‑stop (≥5 repetitions)\n");
+    pid_t pid = start_looper();
+    if (pid < 0) return 1;
+    if (init_persistent_midi_client() != 0) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: cannot initialise persistent MIDI client\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_client_t *client;
+    jack_status_t status;
+    client = jack_client_open("test_full", JackNoStartServer, &status);
+    if (!client) {
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        fprintf(stderr, "  SKIP: no JACK\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    jack_port_t *audio_out = jack_port_register(client, "out",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsOutput, 0);
+    jack_port_t *audio_in = jack_port_register(client, "in",
+                           JACK_DEFAULT_AUDIO_TYPE,
+                           JackPortIsInput, 0);
+    if (!audio_out || !audio_in) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    char my_out[64], my_in[64];
+    snprintf(my_out, sizeof(my_out), "test_full:out");
+    snprintf(my_in,  sizeof(my_in),  "test_full:in");
+    if (jack_connect(client, my_out, "looper:input") ||
+        jack_connect(client, "looper:output", my_in)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 1, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(500000);
+    int sr = jack_get_sample_rate(client);
+    continuous_sine = 0;
+    beep_remaining = (int)(0.5f * sr);
+    bursts = 0;
+    prev_above = 0;
+    passthrough_output_port = audio_out;
+    passthrough_input_port = audio_in;
+    passthrough_phase = 0.0f;
+    passthrough_freq = 440.0f;
+    passthrough_sample_rate = sr;
+    passthrough_total_samples = 0;
+    passthrough_sum_sq = 0.0;
+    passthrough_done = 0;
+    jack_set_process_callback(client, passthrough_process, NULL);
+    if (jack_activate(client)) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 1, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(2500000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 64, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    if (send_jack_note_on("looper:control", 65, 127) != 0) {
+        jack_client_close(client);
+        kill(pid, SIGTERM); waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    safe_usleep(200000);
+    int total_bursts = bursts;
+    jack_deactivate(client);
+    jack_client_close(client);
+    cleanup_persistent_midi_client();
+    kill(pid, SIGTERM);
+    waitpid(pid, NULL, 0);
+    if (total_bursts < 5) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "  FAIL: expected ≥5 bursts, got %d\n", total_bursts);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    printf("  PASS (≥5 repetitions, stopped cleanly)\n");
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int test_loop(void) {
+    int failures = 0;
+    failures += test_looper_looping();
+    failures += test_record_loop_stop();
+    return failures;
+}